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《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:

期数:

2024年01期

页码:

036-52

栏目:

出版日期:

2024-02-25

文章信息/Info

Title:

Assessment and Balanced Progression of Compulsory Education Resource Allocation in China’s New Era

作者:

蔡和; 牛颖楠; 罗良

Author(s):

CAI He;  NIU Yingnan;  LUO Liang

关键词:

教育公平; 义务教育; 教育资源配置; 地区差异

Keywords:

educational equity;  compulsory education;  allocation of educational resources;  regional disparities

摘要:

新时代以来县域义务教育基本均衡的实现是否以及在多大程度上推动了全国（地区内省际和地区间）义务教育资源配置均衡？基于2012—2020年全国时序数据和省级面板数据，构建义务教育资源配置评价指标体系，采用熵权TOPSIS法、Dagum基尼系数和Markov链方法实证考察我国城乡总体、城镇和乡村义务教育资源配置水平、地区差异及演进趋势。研究发现，全国及各地区义务教育资源配置水平显著提升，呈现出从低水平非均衡向高水平非均衡发展的趋势和“中部塌陷”特征；全国义务教育资源配置总体差异不断缩小，但东部地区内城乡普通初中、城镇普通小学，东-中、东-西、东北-中部地区间城乡普通中小学教育资源配置差异仍然较大，且地区间差异是总体差异的主要来源；各省义务教育资源配置水平都具有相对稳定性，存在显著的高水平趋同特征和惯性增长趋势。据此，推动广及省域的义务教育均衡发展是弥合地区内和地区间差异的必然路径，应在确保义务教育资源投入量质齐升的同时优化义务教育资源的投入结构，加强薄弱地区优质资源的供给，以及加大省级政府统筹力度，完善省域内义务教育资源布局,从而推动我国义务教育向高质量教育公平迈进。

Abstract:

To what extent has the achievement of fundamental balance in compulsory education at the county level since beginning of the the new era promoted the nationwide balance of resource allocation for compulsory education (between different provinces within a certain region and between different regions in China)? Based on the national time series data and provincial panel data from 2012 to 2020, this study has established an assessment system for the allocation of compulsory education resources by employing the entropy-weighted TOPSIS, Dagum Gini coefficient, and Markov chain method to empirically examine the level of urban-rural resource distribution, regional disparities, and progression trends in China’s compulsory education. It has revealed significant enhancements in the allocation of resources for compulsory education both nationally and regionally, displaying a trend from low-level imbalance to high-level imbalance, with a notable feature of “central region collapse”. Nationwide, the general variance in compulsory education resource allocation is diminishing. However, substantial disparities persist in resource allocation among junior high schools in both rural and urban areas and urban primary schools within the eastern region, as well as between east-central, east-west, and northeast-central regions, where the inter-regional differences being the main source of overall disparity. The resource allocation levels for compulsory education in all provinces exhibit relative stability, with notable tendencies towards convergence at higher levels and sustained growth momentum. Consequently, fostering balanced compulsory education across counties is an essential route to addressing differences within and between the regions. It is crucial to optimize the structure of fiscal inputs while guaranteeing the total and incremental financial contributions to compulsory education, reinforce the provision and support of quality teachers in weaker regions, and build a legally supported financial cost-sharing mechanism for compulsory education across all levels of government, intensifying provincial governments’ overarching coordination to propel China’s compulsory education towards equitable high-quality standards.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

蔡和，北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心博士研究生(北京100875)；牛颖楠，北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心博士研究生(北京100875)；罗良，通讯作者，心理学博士，北京师范大学心理学部部长、教授、博士生导师,青年长江学者（北京100875）。本文系国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“新时代教育公平的国家战略、推进策略与社会支持研究”（VGA220002）的研究成果。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-02-25