重新解读公共政策本质——从社会意志与国家意志组合关系的视角出发-《南京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》

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Title:: Essence of Public Policy：Viewed from the Perspective ofCompositional Relationship of Social Will and State’s Will

摘要:: 对公共政策本质的理解，是公共政策理论体系的逻辑基础，也是实践中建构政策观念、开展政策活动的逻辑起点。现流行的几种关于公共政策本质的代表性观点，虽然从不同角度、在不同程度揭示了其不同面孔，但都未进一步剖析公共政策背后所蕴含的国家—社会关系，或者说，没有清晰地回答一个问题，即公共政策的公共性与政策性所反映的社会意志和国家意志在政策过程中到底发挥着何种作用、如何互动以及产生了何种影响？对此问题的挖掘将得出对公共政策本质的重新理解：在现代民主政治中，社会意志和国家意志之间是对立性交融关系，而公共政策的本质就是两种意志的组合关系及其结果。这种组合关系在制定、执行、评估、终结等公共政策运行的全过程中均有充分的体现。从这一视角来透视公共政策的本质，具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。

Abstract:: The understanding of the essence of public policy is the logical foundation of the public policytheory system and the logical starting point of constructing policy ideas and carrying out policy activitiesin practice. While the prevailing views on the nature of public policy show different aspects from differentangles and to varying degrees，they do not further analyze the relation between state and society implied inpublic policy. In other words，they fail to give a clear answer to such questions：What does the social willreflected by publicity and the state’s will reflected by policy mean in the policy process? How do they interactwith each other? And what effect do they produce? To keep digging into these problems will help us get anew understanding of the essence of public policy. In modern democratic politics，the relation between thesocial will and the state’s will can be described as“ contrasting-blending”，and the essence of public policycan be recognized as the combination of the two wills and the result of their combination. This compositionalrelationship exists in the whole public policy process：from formulation，to implementation，to evaluation andto termination. It is of theoretical value and practical significance to look into the essence of public policy fromsuch a perspective.