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《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:

期数:

2019年03期

页码:

031-40

栏目:

教育学研究

出版日期:

2019-05-25

文章信息/Info

Title:

Why is the Institutional Innovation of Education Reform So Difficult? An Analysis Based on the Institutional Isomorphism of Eight-Year Study and Charter Schools

作者:

程晋宽 方蒸蒸

程晋宽，南京师范大学教育科学学院，道德教育研究所（南京 210097）；方蒸蒸，南京森林警察学院（南京 210023）

Author(s):

CHENG Jinkuan;  FANG Zhengzheng

关键词:

“八年研究”; 特许学校; 制度同构; 制度创新

Keywords:

eight-year Study;  charter school;  institutional isomorphism;  institutional innovation

摘要:

教育改革的过程是对教育制度创新的探索过程，教育的真正改革必然要触及到制度的根本改变。作为现代公共教育制度的公立学校改革也一直与如何实现“学校自由”和“制度创新”相关。从新制度主义“制度同构”的视角看，美国历史上的“八年研究”和目前的“特许学校”改革面临着相似的“制度同构”与“制度创新”的困境。美国“八年研究”和“特许学校”制度创新的重大教育改革实践具有历史价值和揭示意义，包括如何打破现代主义的教育体制机制，以及为什么在遇到抗拒的制度力量时要妥协，这些有助于为我国新时代学校教育改革的制度创新提供思考。“制度同构”对所有教育改革都是一个难以逃遁的陷阱，我国教育改革的制度创新也要面对“强制性同构”、“规范性同构”、“模仿性同构”的压力。教育改革的制度创新应充分考虑制度惯性的压力，突出人工智能时代的教学模式创新，形成学校改革的合作关系，发挥民众的教育创新智慧。

Abstract:

The process of education reform is the exploratory process of institutional innovation in education, and the reform of the modern public schools has been centered on how to implement the free schooling and institutional innovation. From the perspective of institutional isomorphism of the new institutionalism, the eight-year study in the history of the United States and the current charter school reform in practice face the similar institutional isomorphism and institutional innovation dilemma. The institutional innovations of the influential educational reform practices of the eight-year study and charter school reform in the United States have historical values and implications, including how to break through the modernist educational system and mechanism and why to make compromise when confronted with the resistance of institutional forces. This has led to an explosion of new ideas for the institutional innovation of the education reform in the New Era of China. Institutional isomorphism is an inescapable trap for all educational reforms, and the institutional innovation of educational reform in China should also face the pressure of the compulsory isomorphism, normative isomorphism and imitative isomorphism. Institutional innovation in education reform should fully consider the pressure of institutional inertia, highlight the innovation of teaching mode in the era of artificial intelligence, form cooperative relations in school reform, and give full play to the educational innovation wisdom of the people.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

程晋宽，教育学博士，南京师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师，道德教育研究所研究员（南京 210097）；方蒸蒸，教育学博士，南京森林警察学院副教授（南京 210023）。本文系教育部人文社会科学规划基金规划项目“创新发展视野下美国高中多样化发展路径研究”（17YJA880013）成果之一。About the authors: CHENG Jinkuan, PhD in Education, is Professor and PhD Supervisor at School of Education Science and Fellow of Research Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University（Nanjing 210097）; FANG Zhengzheng, PhD in Education, is Associate Professor at Nanjing Forest Police College（Nanjing 210023）.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2019-05-25