高校惩戒学生行为的司法审查——基于最高人民法院相关指导性案例的观察-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Judicial Review of Universities’ Disciplinary Action against Their Students: An Observation of Relevant Guiding Cases Released by the Supreme People’s Court

Keywords:: university disciplinary action; judicial review; normativism; functionalism

摘要:: 针对高校惩戒学生行为的司法审查，目前最高人民法院发布的指导性案例建构了一套以“品行标准”严格审查与“学术标准”有限审查相区分的双重审查规则。虽然两者都试图落脚于“条件式”的法律保留原则，但因分别遵循了不同的裁判逻辑，导致在审查结论上产生了分歧与冲突。为破解此矛盾与分歧，需要重新考量国家与社会之间二元对立形态的转变。在民主法治国家中，二者呈现出了交互与融合，产生了功能性的区分标准，高校惩戒学生行为的司法审查进路也应随之调整与重构。基于功能主义的“目的性”审查进路，在遵循法律保留原则之下，亦应承认高校的教育自主权，并通过合法性审查与正当性审查的双重面向，实现对学生权益法律保障与对高校自治尊重的同步推进。

Abstract:: The guiding cases released by the Supreme People’s Court have established a double standard characterized by the distinction between the strict examination of students’ actions by “the moral standard” and the limited examination by “the academic standard”. Although both standards aim at a “conditionary” principle of law reservation, the different judgment logics lead to conflicts in the conclusions of the two different types of examinations. To resolve the contradiction, it is necessary to re-consider the transformation of the binary opposition between state and society. In democratic rule of law countries, both standards mix with each other and produce functional criteria for identifying the differences, and the route to judicial review of universities’ disciplinary action against their students may be adjusted and reconstructed accordingly. The “purposeful” route to judicial review based on functionalism, according to the principle of law reservation, should acknowledge the universities’ autonomy in education, and ensure the legal protection of students’ rights and interests and the autonomy of colleges and universities through integrating “the moral standard” and “the academic standard”.