论第一次十字军战争中的城堡及城堡战术-《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》

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摘要:: 第一次十字军战争基本是围绕着对城市、城堡的攻伐展开的。近东的石制城堡城防坚固、结构复杂,设计巧妙,多因地利而建,令西方同时期的木制堡垒相形见绌。安条克之役期间,迫于人数劣势,补给线受扰以及遏制城内偷袭的现实需要,十字军采用了城堡战术,利用堡垒抢占战略要地,封锁城市。拉丁东方时期,十字军国家愈发倚重城堡,并将城堡战术发展升华为战略制策,是进攻及防御的战略要键,可谓拉丁东方最为鲜明的军事特色之一。

Abstract:: The first crusading war mainly focused on the siege of walled cities and fortifications. The stone fortifications in the Near East, which overshadowed their western counterparts made of wood, were strongly fortified, complicated in construction, well-designed, and usually took the advantage of terrain. During the campaign of Antioch, forced by the inferiority of military strength, the harassment of supply line, and the real necessity to prevent the sortie and ambush of Turks, crusaders adopted the castle tactics to seize the strategic points and besiege the city. In the Latin East period, the crusader states relied more on castles, and upgraded castle tactics to crucial strategies. Hence, castles at that time were of paramount importance for attack and defense, which is one of distinctive military characteristics of the Latin East.