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Title:: Kautsky’s Interpretation of Marxist Ethics and Significance of HisInterpretation：The Reaction against Neo-Kantian Views on theRelationship between Ethics and Historical Materialism

Abstract:: The relationship between ethics and historical materialism is an extremely important issue inMarxist theory and practice，and it is also an urgent problem that needed answering during the SecondInternational period. At that time，neo-Kantians，on the premise of the ethical interpretation of socialism，believed that historical materialism，which was based on the Marxist theory，lacked the ethical elementsnecessary for socialism and therefore needed Kant’s ethics to supplement or replace its absence of morality.However，Kautsky argued that historical materialism did not ignore ethical issues. On the contrary，it was justin the vision of historical materialism that Marxist ethics had successfully solved the theoretical dilemma of theethical view of idealism. In the process of his reaction against neo-Kantianism，Kautsky interpreted Marxistethics in terms of such important issues as its logical starting point and practical basis. His interpretations are ofgreat theoretical and practical significance.