平等权视角下的法律援助制度研究——以值班律师“同案不同援”问题为切入点-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Examining Legal Aid System Through the Lens of Equal Rights: With Special Reference to the “Different Assistances for the Same Case” Issue Among Duty Lawyers

Keywords:: formal equality; substantive equality; duty lawyers; public defenders; unified team; confession of guilt and leniency in punishment

摘要:: 党的二十大提出“建设覆盖城乡的现代公共法律服务体系”，这彰显公共法律服务均等化发展的理念。法律援助作为现代公共法律服务体系的重要组成部分，其均等化更是在诉讼中实现公民平等权的应有之义。然而值班律师作为我国最重要的法律援助形式之一，其实践运行中“同案不同援”的问题显著，具体表现为值班律师个体能力参差、尽职程度差异明显以及诉讼权利受限等，这也严重影响了刑事诉讼中被追诉人的平等权保障。而且，值班律师是“认罪认罚从宽”“律师辩护全覆盖”等改革的重要组成部分，而如何提升法律帮助效果直接关涉改革的正当性基础。值班律师的公设辩护人化改革是解决问题的关键。具体而言，应推进值班律师队伍构成的一元化建设，提升与优化配置值班律师的津贴补助，同时落实认罪认罚从宽制度下值班律师的各项职责。

Abstract:: The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has proposed to build a public legal service system covering urban and rural areas, embodying the concept of equal development of public legal services. Legal aid, a pivotal component of the contemporary public legal service system, necessitates equalization as a fundamental obligation to ensure the equal rights of citizens in legal proceedings. However, as one of the most important forms of legal aid in China, the system of duty lawyers faces significant issues in its practical operation, such as varying individual abilities, varying levels of diligence, and limited litigation rights of the lawyers. This also seriously affects the protection of equal rights for the defendants in criminal proceedings. Moreover, duty lawyers are an important component of reforms such as leniency in confession and punishment, and full coverage of lawyer defense. How to improve the effectiveness of legal assistance directly affects the legitimacy basis of the reforms. In the paper, we argue that the reform of turning duty lawyers into public defenders is the key to solving the problem. Specifically, we should promote the unified construction of the duty lawyer team, improve and optimize the allocation of allowances and subsidies for duty lawyers, and at the same time implement the various responsibilities of duty lawyers under the leniency system for confession and punishment.