沙利文人际精神分析理论的新解读-《南京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: A New Interpretation of Sullivan’ Theory of InterpersonalPsychoanalysis

Keywords:: interpersonal psychoanalysis; interpersonal relationship; personality; psychosis; psychologicaltreatment

摘要:: 沙利文是美国著名的精神病学家和人际精神分析学的创始人。他反对弗洛伊德强调个体的内部心理机制即由本能驱力决定的内部心灵的观点，转而强调人是由社会因素决定的人际关系或相互作用关系的观点。在他看来，人的本质是人的社会性，这种社会性表现为人际关系。他从人际关系的视角解释了人格含义、人格动态过程、人格结构、人格认知水平和人格发展各阶段。他认为个体的精神疾病主要是由不良人际关系造成的。他将精神病院视为人格成长的学校，将精神病学家视为人际关系的专家，将心理治疗视为教育。沙利文开创了精神分析和精神病学研究的社会文化方向，也对这两个领域具有重要影响，并通过他的中国学生对中国早期的精神分析传播产生了一定的影响。

Abstract:: Sullivan was a famous American psychiatrist and the founder of interpersonal psychoanalysis.He was opposed to Freud’s view which emphasized the individual’s internal psychological mechanism. Asfar as Freud is concerned，the mind is determined by instinct drives. In contrast，Sullivan advocated a viewof interpersonal relationship or interaction that man is decided by social factors. For Sullivan，the natureof man is sociality，and this nature appears as interpersonal relationship. Sullivan made a new explanationof the meaning，dynamic process，structure，cognitive level and different stages of personality from theperspective of interpersonal relationship. In Sullivan’s point of view，mental disease is mainly caused byone’s bad interpersonal relationship. He considered the psychiatric hospital as a school for the developmentof personality，the psychiatrist as expert in interpersonal relationship，and the psychological treatment aseducation. Sullivan initiated a new research with social-cultural orientation in psychoanalysis and psychiatry，which in turn had a great influence on these two fields. Besides，he also had a certain influence on the earlyspread of psychoanalysis in China through his Chinese student.