乔姆斯基语言心智理论中的计算主义思想：源头、实质与影响-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

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Title:: Computationalism in Chomsky s Theory of Language and Mind:Its Origins, Essence and Influences

Keywords:: Chomsky; computationalism on language and mind; rationalism; cognitive sciences

摘要:: 计算主义是20世纪中期在理性主义哲学传统、图灵机模型以及计算机科学基础上形成的一股心智哲学思潮，其核心观点是把认知过程理解为图灵可计算函数的算法执行过程。受此影响，乔姆斯基在理性主义心智天赋论框架内吸收现代科学发展成果，创立了生成语言学理论用以刻画人类关键的认知能力——语言能力，有力推动了认知心理学乃至整个认知科学的发展。生成语言学究其本质而言，是一种有关人类语言心智的计算理论，强调语言计算的人类以及领域专属性，主张自然主义一元论，反对将语言心智还原为我们目前已知的物理、化学以及生物过程。这一思想虽不乏争议，但在计算主义背景下考察其来源、实质及影响，对于我们深入理解当下认知心理学、脑神经科学以及人工智能等领域的发展有着重要的意义。

Abstract:: Computationalism is a philosophical theory of mind arising from the rationalist tradition, model of Turing machine and modern computer science. Its key proposition is to regard the cognitive process as the operation of the algorithm in Turings computable functions. Influenced by this, Chomsky created his theory of generative linguistics on the basis of modern scientific developments and in the framework of the rationalist cognitive innatism in order to characterize the key human cognitive capacity—the human language competence, which has greatly promoted the development of cognitive sciences in general and cognitive psychology in particular. In its essence, the generative linguistics is a strand of computationalism on human language and mind, characterized by its emphases on the speciesspecificity and domainspecificity of the computation of human language. Despite many controversies it causes, Chomskys computationalism on human language and mind can help us better understand the current developments in such areas as cognitive psychology, neuroscience of the brain and artificial intelligence if we have an appropriate understanding of its origins, essence and influences.