独立自我和互依自我：从文化历史演化看中式自我的诞生、转型与定格-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Independent Self and Interdependent Self: Their Emergence,Transformation and the Formation of Chinese Self-construal Viewedfrom the Perspective of the Evolution of Culture and History

Keywords:: rice theory; independent self; interdependent self; moral self; soft self; emperor system; thoughtof three bonds

摘要:: 中式自我在诞生之初本也是独立自我，它主要是伴随武器与私有财产的出现，在与他族、他人抗争过程中诞生的，而非是在种小麦的过程中诞生的。互依自我是公元前521 年后伴随儒学的创立和发展而逐渐形成的，由此在中国历史上开启了独立自我与互依自我并存但独立自我占优期。自公元前304 年前后到最迟不晚于公元前233 年之前是中式自我的重要转型期，转型的结果是具独立人格的互依自我最终彻底战胜了独立自我，中式自我进入独立自我与互依自我并存但互依自我占绝对优势期，这个转型过程并非是种水稻引起的，而是儒学经过艰辛传播最终取得胜利的结果。秦汉至清代是中式自我定格的阶段，定格的结果是中式自我从春秋战国“百家争鸣”时期的外显式多元文化主义时代进入内隐式双元文化主义时代。从生态理性角度看，中式自我的形成与演变是适应环境的结果。中式自我的演化过程证明并非长期的水稻种植史才让中国人形成了互依自我。

Abstract:: The Chinese self-construal was originally also an independent self, which was mainly bornwith the emergence of private property and weapons in the process of fighting against others and otherethnic groups rather than planting wheat. The interdependent self, was gradually formed after 521BCEalong with the establishment and development of Confucianism. After that, came the era characterized bythe coexistence of the independent self and the interdependent self with the latter occupying a dominantposition.This transformation was not caused by rice planting but by Confucianism’s ultimate victory over theobstacles to its dissemination.The period from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty was the stagewhere Chinese self-construal finally developed into a stable shape: the Chinese self-construal entered theimplicit biculturalism era from the explicit multiculturalism era in the Spring and Autumn Periods and theWarring States Period. From the perspective of ecological rationality, the formation and evolution of Chineseself-construal is the result of environmental adaptation, which proves that it is not the long history of ricecultivation that has shaped the interdependent self of Chinese.