低社会阶层的社会心理与行为倾向——基于积极和消极视角-《南京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Socio-psychological and Behavioral Tendency of Lower-Class：A Review from Positive and Negative Perspectives

Keywords:: social class; lower-class; upper-class; socioeconomic status; social-cognitive approach

摘要:: 社会阶层是社会成员按照一定等级标准划分的彼此地位相互区别的社会集团，在同一集团中成员之间具有相类似的态度、行为、价值和心理模式。以往研究大多倾向于低阶层的负面效应，出现典型性消极指标。事实上，低阶层相较于高阶层有许多很少被关注的积极效应。对于系统公正论、社会支配论、局部阶梯效应等理论中对社会阶层的争议进行了分析，指出了未来研究可以从影响阶层感知变量、诱导范式效果，以及启动形式的多样化、认知神经视角、跨文化的差异和干预等方面强化低阶层的优势特性，促进消极心态良性转化。

Abstract:: A class is a social group formed by some people who are differentiated from others accordingto their socioeconomic status and thus share the similar patterns of attitude，behavior，values and mentality.Previous studies usually focused on the negative effects produced by one’s membership of lower-class throughsuch indicators：physiological condition，ability to make social decisions，sense of control，perception ofdiscrimination，experience of stress，cognitive performance，and academic achievement. In fact，comparedwith upper-class，the positive effects produced by one’s membership of lower-class have attracted inadequateattention. These effects include such aspects as stronger faith in justice，better moral sense，more positiveemotional experience，greater social affinity，greater ability to make psychological adjustment，and betterself-monitoring. Through analyzing controversies over social class in the system justification theory，socialdominance theory，and local-ladder effect theory，we think that the future research can be done throughfocusing on the variables influencing class perception and the effect of induction paradigm，diversification ofpriming methods，adoption of neuro-cognitive perspective，cross-cultural differences and interference，whichcan enhance the advantages of lower-class and promote the positive transformation of its negative mentality.