自然的权利：生成逻辑及其实质-《南京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》

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摘要:: 自然的权利是当代生态伦理学中的重要范畴。自然的权利的真正内涵在于指称自然物正当的利益，其中包含了人的尺度。这是人类面对日趋严重的生态危机，重新思考人与自然的关系以及人对自然应当采取的态度。动物权利论从生命主体的特征出发将权利的主体扩大到动物。由人的权利的演进历程出发，用类比的方式将这一历程发散到动物权利的实现过程。自然的权利有其特定的生成理路与内涵。其中，“利益共同体”是自然的权利存在的事实基础，构成自然的权利成立的必要条件。权利历史生成的逻辑为自然的权利提供了生成路径，是自然的权利成立的充分条件。可见，自然的权利的实质在于引导人们在人与自然关系中树立正确的权利义务观，并用以规约人类权利的滥用，促进人与自然之间的良性互动

Abstract:: The rights of nature form an important category of the contemporary eco-ethics. The gist of the rightsof nature refers to the justifiable interests of each entity in nature，which of course can only be recognized byhuman beings. The recognition of the rights of nature is to some degree an attitude we have to take when we rethinkabout the relationship between man and nature in facing the increasingly serious ecological crisis. Startingfrom the characteristics of life，the theory of animal rights extends the scope of rights to animals：this extensionis based on the analogy between human beings and animals through examining the evolution of the notion of thenatural rights of human beings. It is true that the generation of the rights of nature has its own logic and contents.Among others，the concept of common interest group reflects the basic fact and the necessary condition of therights of nature. The logic of the historical generation of human rights reveals the evolution path of the rights ofnature and thus forms the sufficient condition of their establishment. In this regard，the purpose of the rights ofnature is to guide people to acquire a correct outlook on rights and duty in their interaction with nature，to preventthem from abusing their rights and to promote the productive interaction between man and nature.