元曲宫调“音乐”论向“声情”说的转义及其历史文化原因-《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Shifting from Music to Emotion in the Theory of Gongdiao in Yuanquand Historical-Cultural Causes for This Change

Keywords:: yuanqu; gongdiao as a musical notion; gongdiao as a performing notion; disorder in melodies

摘要:: 元代之前，有关宫调的理论，均不出于“音乐”论的范畴，但自元曲产生之后，曲论者纷纷讨论宫调的“声情风格”，由此而形成了“宫调声情说”。产生这种转向的主要原因在于：金元时代战乱频繁，尤其是少数民族的南侵，使得宋代的礼乐制度及职官设施遭到严重破坏，但却造就了各民族多元艺术的融合，并最终形成了独特的元曲文艺风格。在民族融合过程中，各民族音乐的乐律具有较大差异，无法形成统一的标准，加之当时乐律不讲、音声失传，礼乐大乱，雅音杂俗，俗乐窜雅的历史文化背景，这最终导致曲论者放弃对音律的讨论，转而探寻宫调声情的风格特点。

Abstract:: Before the Yuan Dynasty，all the discussions of gongdiao 宫调（literally pitch and tone in ancientChinese music）belonged to the category of music theory. However，after yuanqu 元曲（a type of musicalpoetry and drama in the Yuan Dynasty） became popular，scholars began to pay particular attention to theemotional implications of gongdiao when yuanqu was accepted as a form of performing arts，thus leading tothe recognition of gongdiao as a notion of performing rather than music proper. This change was due to thefollowing factors. Frequent wars in the Jin and the subsequent Yuan dynasties and the southward invasionof the northern ethnic minorities seriously damaged the system of rites and music of the Song Dynasty andcaused the fusion of the arts of various ethnic groups，leading to the formation of the unique style of yuanqu.During this process，no unified standard was formed because melodies from various ethnic groups differedgreatly from each other. In addition，at that time，melodies received insufficient attention，the patterns oftones of the traditional music had been lost，the order sustained by the traditional rites and music were greatlydisturbed，and the elegant music and folk music were integrated into each other. All this diverted the musictheorists from focusing on the musical aspect of gongdiao to its emotional styles.