论公民道德知行关系张力的客观性与调适-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Tension between Moral Knowledge and Behavior: Its Objectivity and Adjustment

Keywords:: morality of citizens; agreement between knowledge and behavior; conflict between knowledge and behavior; moral criticism

摘要:: 关于我国目前公民道德存在着严重危机的观点几成共识,其主要根据是公民道德知行不一或知行矛盾现象普遍存在。然而,这种观点却是对我国公民道德现状认知的片面化、表象化和简单化,因而都是非历史性的认知。事实上,生活中人为制造的道德两极现象是道德知行矛盾出现高度紧张性关系的主要原因。因为道德自身的理想性和模糊性等决定了道德知行矛盾始终存在,所以二者的张力具有客观必然性,也即,知与行的统一是相对的。因而,公民道德的发展总是呈现出由不知到知、由知到行之偶然、由行之偶然到行之必然的梯度演进过程。而公民道德知行适度张力蕴涵着道德进步发展的动力,理性的道德批判能够起到缓压公民道德知行的紧张性张力的积极作用。

Abstract:: The consensus that the civil morality is in severe crisis in our country is reached mainly on the basis of the widespread phenomenon that the moral knowledge of our citizens is inconsistent or even in conflict with their behaviors. However, this viewpoint is unreasonable in that it is based on a one-sided, superficial and simplistic cognition of the status of citizens’ moral life in our country, which is non-historical in nature. In fact, the main cause for the highly intense contradiction between moral knowledge and behavior is the moral polarization intentionally created in our daily lives. Owing to the fact that the idealism and ambiguity embedded in morality itself determines the long-standing tension between knowledge and practice, the conflict between them is objective and inevitable. In other words, the agreement between knowledge and practice is actually relative. Consequently, the development of citizens’ morality shows such a process: from being innocent to knowing; from knowledge to the accidental practice; and at last from the accidental practice to the inevitable behavior. However, the moderate tension between moral knowledge and practice can stimulate the development and progress of morality, and rational moral criticism can play a positive role in relieving the pressure from the tension between moral knowledge and behavior.