数字时代互联网法院的职能定位及其实现-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Functional Positioning of Internet Courts and Its Realization in the Digital Age

Keywords:: digital age; internet courts; functional positioning; specialized adjudication; cyber governance

摘要:: 互联网法院的设立是数字时代互联网技术与司法深度融合的产物,是我国推进网络空间治理现代化的本质要求。然而,随着普通法院在线诉讼的常态化适用,互联网法院设立及存在的独特性正在被逐渐消解。关于互联网法院的职能定位存在“技术导向”和“案件导向”的分野,实践中盛行的双导向模式使其与专门法院的建设定位渐行渐远。互联网法院的法律地位不明确、双导向模式对互联网法院专业性的冲击以及互联网法院案件管辖范围逻辑性欠缺等因素共同交织,导致互联网法院职能定位模糊。互联网法院的职能定位应当是专业审判,这是互联网法院历史沿革和发展动向的内在逻辑,也是数字时代司法改革与互联网空间治理的必然要求。互联网法院专业审判职能的实现路径要在纠偏“技术导向”规则的基础上,赋予互联网法院专门法院的法律地位,并优化和澄清其案件管辖范围。

Abstract:: The creation of internet courts reflects the deep integration of internet technology with the judiciary in the digital era and is essential for advancing the modernization of cyberspace governance in China. However, as online litigation becomes normalized in traditional courts, the distinctiveness of internet courts is fading. There are two main perspectives on how to position the role of internet courts:a “technology-oriented” approach and a “case-oriented” approach. In practice, the growing dual-orientation model is leading internet courts further from their original function as specialized courts. Contributing to this confusion are factors such as the unclear legal status of internet courts, the impact of the dual-orientation model on their specialization, and the lack of logical consistency in the types of cases they handle. To resolve the ambiguity in their functional role, internet courts should focus on specialized adjudication. This focus aligns with both the historical logic of their development and the broader trends of judicial reform and cyberspace governance in the digital age. Achieving this specialized function requires moving away from the “technology-oriented” model, formally recognizing internet courts as specialized courts, and clarifying and refining their jurisdiction.