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《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:

期数:

2024年05期

页码:

047-57

栏目:

教育学研究

出版日期:

2024-10-25

文章信息/Info

Title:

From Embedding, Dis-embedding to Re-embedding: The Institutional Roots of the Decline in Vocational Education Appeal and Pathways to Its Reshaping

作者:

郝天聪; 汪卫平

Author(s):

HAO Tiancong;  WANG Weiping

关键词:

职业教育;  吸引力;  个体化;  嵌入;  脱嵌;  再嵌

Keywords:

vocational education;  appeal;  individualization;  embedding;  dis-embedding;  re-embedding

摘要:

提升职业教育吸引力,是新时代职业教育高质量发展的必然要求。职业教育吸引力的下降并非是一个旧问题,而是一个新问题。借助个体化理论视角,通过对老中专生回忆录文章的文本分析和新中专生的深度访谈,研究发现,中专生社会形象的变迁伴随着其从“嵌入”到“脱嵌”的个体化进程,即从“精英教育体制下的学业佼佼者”转变为“精英教育体制瓦解下的学业失败者”,从“城乡二元管理体制下渴望‘跳出农门'的农家子弟”转变为“城乡二元管理体制瓦解下渴望融入城市的新市民子弟”,从“就业包分配体制下的‘铁饭碗'获得者”转变为“就业包分配体制瓦解下的‘打工一族'”。在从社会主义计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转型的背景下,以中专生为代表的职业教育学生个体化发展并未实现有效的制度“再嵌”,这是造成职业教育吸引力下降的根本原因。为提升职业教育吸引力,需要强化与职业教育学生个体化发展相匹配的制度建设。一是改革单一以分数为取向的普职分流制度,引导学生选择适合自身发展的教育类型; 二是夯实职业教育质量保障制度,凸显职校毕业生在劳动力市场竞争中的技能优势; 三是完善职业教育升学体系,健全技能型人才评价制度。

Abstract:

Enhancing the appeal of vocational education is an inevitable requirement for the high-quality development of vocational education in the new era. The decline in the appeal of vocational education is not an old issue but a new one. Drawing on the perspective of individualization theory, and through text analysis of memoirs written by former secondary vocational school students(old cohort)and in-depth interviews with current students(new cohort), this study reveals that the social image of vocational students has shifted in parallel with their process of individualization, characterized by a transition from “embeddedness” to “dis-embeddedness”. Specifically, vocational students have shifted from being “academic achievers under an elite educational system” to “academic failures in the collapse of the elite education system”, from “rural youths eager to ‘escape the farming life' under the urban-rural dual management system” to “new urban citizens striving for inclusion in the city as the dual system dissolves”, and from “holders of secure, state-assigned jobs under the employment allocation system” to “members of the working class in the wake of the system's collapse”. Under the transition from a socialist planned economy to a socialist market economy, the individualization of vocational education students, as represented by secondary vocational school students, has not been effectively institutionally “re-embedded”. This is the fundamental cause of the decline in vocational education's appeal. To enhance the appeal of vocational education, institutional reforms aligned with the individualization of vocational students must be strengthened. First, the single score-oriented general-vocational education tracking system must be reformed to guide students towards choosing educational pathways suited to their personal development. Second, the quality assurance system of vocational education needs to be solidified to highlight the competitive skills of vocational graduates in the labor market. Third, the vocational education enrollment system should be improved, and the evaluation system for skilled professionals needs to be improved.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

郝天聪,教育学博士,南京师范大学教育科学学院副教授(南京210097); 汪卫平,管理学博士,杭州师范大学中国创新创业教育研究院研究员、讲师(杭州311121)。本文系国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“职业发展视角下高职院校教师企业精准实践研究”(BJA220244)的阶段性成果。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2024-10-25