历史社会学中的结构主义路径-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Keywords:: historical sociology; reductive structuralism; pluralistic structuralism; relational structuralism

摘要:: 结构主义分析是社会科学研究的重要范式，但究竟何为结构主义，社会科学界缺乏系统的梳理。以结构主义思潮长期占据主流的历史社会学为考察对象，从知识运动视角出发，我们可以提出三种结构主义的分析路径：化约式结构主义、多元结构主义和关系结构主义。化约式结构主义肯定社会结构的客观性，关注静态的、长时段的宏观结构变迁进程，坚持用化约性的结构因素来解释社会历史变迁；多元结构主义强调文化的自主性和社会科学的建构性，侧重多种因素的共同作用，在研究领域和分析视角上呈现出更为多元化的态势；关系结构主义主张以关系视角来解释社会结构和社会现象，视社会网络分析为社会结构或关系研究的新范式。这三种辩证发展的结构主义路径彰显了经典社会分析传统的解释力。

Abstract:: Structuralist analysis is an important paradigm for social science research, but there is a lack of systematic clarification regarding what exactly constitutes structuralism within the social science community. By examining historical sociology, where structuralist thought has long been the mainstream, and from the perspective of the intellectual movement, we can identify three structuralist approaches:reductive structuralism, pluralistic structuralism, and relational structuralism. Reductive structuralism affirms the objectivity of the social structure, pays attention to the static and long-term macro-structural change process, and adheres to explaining social and historical changes with reductive structural factors; pluralistic structuralism emphasizes the autonomy of culture and the constructivism of social science, emphasizes the joint effect of various factors, and presents a more pluralistic trend in research fields and analytical perspectives; and relational structuralism explains social structures and social phenomena from a relational perspective, and regards social network analysis as a new paradigm for the study of social structures or relationships. The dialectical development of these three structuralist approaches demonstrates the explanatory power of classical social analysis traditions.