我国刑事再审“不利于被告人利益启动规则”研究-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Rule of “Initiation Detrimental to the Defendant's Interest” in Criminal Retrial in China

Keywords:: stability of the law; criminal retrial; res judicata; detrimental to the interests of the defendant; reason for trial initiation

摘要:: 我国刑事再审程序一直对已经发生法律效力的裁判“有错必纠”，并不区分启动事由上是否“有利于被告人利益”或“不利于被告人利益”，刑事再审的启动主体、启动事由、运行规范等都为实现纠错功能而运转。为维护法的安定性、法的权威性，应回归刑事诉讼客体理论，确立案件事实及其法律评价在刑事司法程序运行中的价值，夯实刑事再审的客体内容，厘定生效裁判效力的涵摄范围；为禁止法院、检察院为“不利于被告人利益”而启动再审程序。实质上，在《刑事诉讼法》总则中应确立不告不理原则、控审同一原则、一事不再理原则，形式上，明确“不利于被告人利益”的启动事由。

Abstract:: China's criminal retrial procedure has consistently adhered to the principle of “correcting any mistakes” in judgments that have already taken legal effect, without distinguishing whether the reasons for retrial initiation are “detrimental to the defendant's interest” or “not detrimental to the defendant's interest”. The entities initiating criminal retrials, the reasons for initiation, and the operational norms all function to achieve the purpose of correcting errors. To maintain the stability and authority of the law, it is necessary to return to the theory of the object of criminal procedure, establish the value of the facts of the case and their legal evaluation in the operation of the criminal justice process, consolidate the content of the object of criminal retrial, and delineate the scope of the binding effect of effective judgments. To prohibit courts and procuratorates from initiating retrial procedures “detrimental to the defendant's interest”, the principles of “no complaint, no response”, “the integration of prosecution and trial”, and “Non bis in idem” should be substantively established in the General Provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law. Formally, the reasons for initiating criminal retrial “detrimental to the interests of the defendant” should be clearly defined.