[1]杨淦.商标性使用侵犯姓名权案件中的停止侵害适用方式——以“混淆可能性”为中心[J].南京师大学报(社会科学版),2023,(06):114-124.
YANG Gan.The Application of Ceasing Infringement in Trademark Cases Involving the Violation of the Right to Name: Centering on the Likelihood of Confusion[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science Edition),2023,(06):114-124.
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商标性使用侵犯姓名权案件中的停止侵害适用方式——以“混淆可能性”为中心
《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]
- 卷:
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- 期数:
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2023年06期
- 页码:
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114-124
- 栏目:
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法学研究
- 出版日期:
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2023-12-25
文章信息/Info
- Title:
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The Application of Ceasing Infringement in Trademark Cases Involving the Violation of the Right to Name: Centering on the Likelihood of Confusion
- 作者:
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杨淦
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- Author(s):
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YANG Gan
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- 关键词:
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商标性使用; 姓名权; 姓名符号; 停止侵害; 停止使用; 混淆可能性
- Keywords:
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trademark use; right to name; name symbol; cessation of infringement; cessation of use; likelihood of confusion
- 摘要:
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乔丹姓名权案属于商标性使用侵犯姓名权纠纷,法院区分商业标识的类别,确定了不同的停止侵害适用方式,突破了理论认知与司法实践的成例。但是,法院未能在借鉴混淆可能性理论的同时坚持其内在逻辑,导致对侵权损害的论证与停止侵害的适用方式之间存在割裂,裁判结论无法自洽。乔丹姓名权案带来的启示在于,区分停止侵害适用方式的理论依据,是姓名符号的商标性使用行为具有商业混淆性质。基于该行为的特点与侵权损害的特质,对混淆可能性理论进行适度调整,将在姓名符号的个性化、自主性与知名度之间建立联系,实现对混淆可能性的判断,并将其作为阻断联想以实现停止侵害救济效果的论证进路。由此,在商标性使用侵犯姓名权纠纷中,停止侵害适用方式的类型结构也得以形成:无混淆与个别混淆、少量混淆、偶然混淆时,应允许使用相应姓名符号; 一定数量的相关公众混淆,应通过行业内区别性提示阻断联想; 相当数量的相关公众混淆,应通过跨行业区别性提示阻断联想; 一般公众普遍混淆,则应通过停止使用阻断联想。
- Abstract:
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The Jordan case involves a dispute where the use of trademarks infringes upon the right to one's name. In this case, the court categorized various types of commercial marks and established distinct methods for halting the infringement, representing a departure from established theoretical understandings and legal practices. However, the court struggled to maintain internal consistency while applying the theory of likelihood of confusion. This led to a disconnect between the arguments for infringement damage and the methods for ceasing infringement, resulting in an incongruous judgment. The Jordan case offers a valuable insight: the theoretical foundation for distinguishing the methods of ceasing infringement hinges on the notion that using name symbols as trademarks introduces an element of commercial confusion. By making moderate adjustments to the likelihood of confusion theory, grounded in the characteristics of this behavior and the attributes of infringement damage, a link can be established between the individualization, autonomy, and recognition of name symbols. This, in turn, serves as a framework for evaluating likelihood of confusion and serves as the basis for arguments aimed at preventing associations to achieve the desired relief for cessation of infringement. Consequently, in disputes where trademark usage infringes upon the right to one's name, a typological framework for applying methods to cease infringement is established. For instance, when there is no confusion, only individual confusion, limited confusion, or accidental confusion, the use of corresponding name symbols should be permitted. In cases where a certain number of relevant members of the public are confused, industry-specific distinguishing prompts should be employed to prevent associations. When a considerable number of relevant public individuals experience confusion, cross-industry distinguishing prompts should be used to prevent associations. Finally, if the general public is generally confused, the association should be stopped by discontinuing use.
备注/Memo
- 备注/Memo:
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杨淦,法学博士,东华大学人文学院讲师(上海200051)。本文系国家社科基金青年项目“新型作品的法律确认与保护路径研究”(19CFX054)和东华大学人文社科繁荣计划预研究项目(2020Y006)的阶段性研究成果。
更新日期/Last Update:
2023-12-25