无人驾驶交通事故中的刑事责任及其分配-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Criminal Liability and Its Differentiation in Driverless Traffic Accidents

Keywords:: driverless driving; traffic accidents; product criminal liability; artificial intelligence; relative strict liability

摘要:: 作为因应人工智能时代的刑法命题,无人驾驶具有前瞻性、规范性的理论意义与实践价值。无人驾驶自主化、“黑箱”化的技术面向带来了刑法教义学的深刻变革,交通事故中的刑事归责体系亟需重构。首先,在无人驾驶交通事故中的刑事责任范围上,应当通过“产品责任的主导原则”限定交通事故刑事评价的类型,以及“风险的分担原则”与“风险的分解原则”限定交通事故刑事评价的限度; 其次,在无人驾驶交通事故中的刑事责任分配上,应当明确由生产者作为责任主体,并在法人责任模式下,以相对严格责任的方式承担产品刑事责任; 最后,在无人驾驶汽车使用人不履行消极保证义务、第三方非法介入的情况下,则应在产品刑事责任之外分别确定其刑事责任。

Abstract:: As a criminal law proposition in the era of artificial intelligence, driverless driving has forward-looking and normative theoretical significance and practical value. The autonomous and “black-box” technology of driverless driving has brought about profound changes in criminal law doctrine, and the criminal attribution system in traffic accidents needs to be reconstructed urgently. Firstly, the scope of criminal liability in driverless traffic accidents should be limited to the type of criminal evaluation of traffic accidents through the “dominant principle of product liability”, and the limits of criminal evaluation of traffic accidents through “the principle of risk sharing” and “the principle of risk decomposition”. Secondly, in the differentiation of criminal liability in driverless traffic accidents, the producer should be clearly identified as the responsible subject and bear the product criminal liability in a relatively strict liability mode under the legal person liability model. Finally, in the case that the user of the driverless car does not fulfill the negative guarantee obligation and the third party illegally intervenes, then its criminal liability should be separately determined in addition to the product criminal liability.