列宁社会主义意识形态辩证法及其当代价值——基于“一国首先胜利”论思想历程的考察-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

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Title:: Lenin’s Socialist Ideological Dialectics and Its Contemporary Value:Focusing on the Developmental Course of His Thought of“Socialism Will Win Initially in One Country”

Keywords:: Lenin; theory of “socialism will win initially in one country”; socialist ideology; dialectics

摘要:: “一国首先胜利”论是列宁充分运用唯物主义辩证法与错误思潮作斗争,进行社会主义道路探索的重大马克思主义理论创新。学术界萦绕着“胜利”的标准进行了激烈的探讨,但却忽略了它背后的方法论意义。经追溯列宁“一国首先胜利”论的思想演进,发现其经历了四个阶段:批判第二共产国际机会主义“世界革命同时胜利论”,提出“少数甚至一国首先胜利”论; 批判俄国不可能过渡到社会主义革命的观点,力排众议领导十月革命的胜利; 批判孟什维克“十月革命的偶然性”,实现“俄国一国建设社会主义”; 晚年批判“俄国革命已经失败”的观点,阐明俄国革命道路的合法性。重释列宁的社会主义意识形态辩证法,对指导“百年未有之大变局”的新时代中国特色社会主义意识形态建设具有重要启发意义。

Abstract:: The theory of “socialism will win initially in one country” is a major Marxist theoretical innovation advanced by Lenin to make full use of dialectical materialism to fight against the erroneous trend of thought and explore the socialist road. Researchers have had heated discussions of the criteria of “victory”, but have neglected the methodological significance behind this theory. Tracing the development of Lenin’s theory of “socialism will win initially in one or several countries”, we can identify four stages in sequence:by opposing the idea of “socialism can win simultaneously worldwide” held by the opportunists belonging to the Second Communist International, he proposed “socialism will win initially in one country”; by criticizing the idea that it was impossible for Russia to transfer to socialist revolution, he led his country to the victory of the October Revolution against opposing opinions; by criticizing the idea held by Mensheviks that the October Revolution took place by accident, he made it possible “for Russia to build socialism initially”; in his later years, by criticizing the idea that “Russian revolution has failed”, he elaborated on the legitimacy of the revolutionary path adopted by Russia. To re-interpret Lenin’s socialist ideological dialectics can generate great implications for developing socialist ideology with Chinese characteristics in this unprecedented new era.