举报犯罪应当是法定义务吗?——基于刑事诉讼法第108条的法理思考-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

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Title:: Is it a Legal Obligation to Report a Crime? A Jurisprudential Reflection Based on Article 108 of theCriminal Procedure Law

摘要:: 现行刑事诉讼法对举报义务的设置并不妥当。从举报的社会功用层面看,举报虽有着维护法律制度运行,建构制度信任的重要功用,但不可避免地存在着破坏人际信任的代价。当举报成为法定义务时,告密行为也同时得到激励,行为人可将自身的道德责任转移给法律,并有可能促使“告密者难题”的出现。举报义务从根本上看,是“德自法出”的秩序模式的产物,它出于对法律制度的绝对维护而忽视了社会自生道德秩序的应有地位,忽视了人性的根本需要。只有把举报视为权利,才能更有利于人性的培育和个体道德意识的成长。

Abstract:: It is inappropriate for the current criminal procedure law to stipulate reporting a crime to the authorities as an obligation. In terms of its social function, reporting a crime to the authorities can help maintain the operation of legal system and build people’s confidence in the system. However, it is conducted at the inevitable cost of damaging interpersonal trust. When reporting a crime to the authorities becomes a legal obligation, informing on fellow citizens will be greatly encouraged and the informant will shift his moral burden onto the law, which may result in “the paradox of informant”. In essence, the obligation to report a crime to the authorities is also a type of morality resulting from the legal order. This absolute support of legal system undermines the moral order naturally originating in the society and ignores the fundamental needs embedded in humanity. Only by regarding the informing act as a right can we better cultivate our sense of humanity and individual morality as well.