1950年代的“方言问题讨论”与乡土小说的语言方向-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: “Dialect Discussion” in the 1950s and the Linguistic Orientation of Xiangtu Xiaoshuo

Keywords:: dialect; national common language; Xiangtu xiaoshuo; literary language

摘要:: 1950年代初期，以《文艺报》为中心，展开了一场关于方言问题的讨论。开展讨论的目的是确立民族共同语，以规范化对方言进行统率和改造。这一方向符合时代民族国家统一的要求，国家紧接着也制定了相应的语言规范要求。但是，讨论未能真正平等而充分地展开，特别是没有充分考虑到文学创作的独特性，对小说中使用方言进行了全面的否定。因此，讨论对乡土小说的语言方向产生了严重影响，乡土作家们逐渐改变自己的创作习惯，小说中的方言使用迅速而显著地减少。讨论产生的影响持续而深远，一直延续至今天。实际上，方言对乡土小说具有非常重要的意义，它既是乡村日常生活的一部分，也蕴含着深刻的地方文化内涵。对方言的弃置，严重影响到乡土小说的审美特征和思想深度。

Abstract:: In the early 1950s, 文艺报 ( Literature and Art Newspaper ) launched a discussion on the issue of Chinese dialects. The purpose of the discussion was to establish the national common language and to standardize the dialects. This direction was in line with the requirements of the national unity, and the state subsequently formulated corresponding language standardization requirements. However, the discussions it triggered were not carried out in a truly equal manner and were inadequate in many respects. In particular, the uniqueness of literary creation was not fully considered, and the usage of dialect in the novels was completely denied. Therefore, the discussions have had a serious impact on the linguistic orientation of the so-called Xiangtu xiaoshuo 乡土小说（Native Soil Fiction）. The native writers gradually changed their writing habits, and the dialects in the novels were quickly and significantly reduced. The impact of the discussions was lasting and far-reaching. However, the dialect is of great significance to Xiangtu xiaoshuo, for it is not only a part of the rural daily life but also contains profound local cultural connotations. The abandonment of the dialect has seriously affected the aesthetic characteristics and ideological depth of Xiangtu xiaoshuo.

备注/Memo:: 贺仲明，文学博士，暨南大学文学院教授、博士生导师（广州 510632）；张增益，暨南大学文学院博士生（广州 510632）。本文系国家社科基金重点项目“当代乡土小说审美变迁研究（1949-2015）”（16AZW016）的阶段性成果。About the authors: HE Zhongming, PhD in Literature, is Professor and PhD Supervisor at College of Liberal Arts, Jinan University（Guangzhou 510632）; ZHANG Zengyi, is PhD Candidate at College of Liberal Arts, Jinan University（Guangzhou 510632）.