新中国70年儿童观的历史考察与反思-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The View on Children in China over the Past 70 Years: A Historical Review and Reflection

摘要:: 儿童观是不同时代国家或民众对儿童的基本看法与态度，它反映出特定时代对儿童群体的地位和价值等认识考量。纵观新中国70年学前教育的发展历史，首先是新中国初期作为“社会需要”的儿童，这时候的儿童主要是“接班人”和“建设者”。到了“文化革命”时期，儿童观发生错位，“政治化、成人化”是其主要价值取向，儿童被异化。改革开放以后，我们开始“重新”认识儿童，这种认识其实质是“发现”儿童和重新确立儿童本位论。21世纪以来的儿童观念是对改革开放以后“儿童本位论”的进一步深化与研究，表现为“解放儿童”和“向儿童学习”。由此，新中国近现代儿童观念改造得以确立并正在“进行”。

Abstract:: The view on children refers to the basic ideas about and attitudes to children held by a state or its people in different eras. It reflects the recognition and understanding of the status and value of children in specific historical periods. Looking back on the history of the 70 years of preschool education since 1949, we will find that the first view on children is that children were regarded as “social needs” in the early days: i.e. they were mainly viewed as the “successors” and “builders” of the socialist China. At the time of the “cultural revolution”, the concept of children was misplaced: children were mainly treated as political subjects and adults, leading to an alienation of children. After the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in 1978, we have begun to “re-recognize” children. The essence of this understanding is to “discover” children and re-establish the child-oriented theory. The concept of children since the beginning of the 21st century is to further deepen and study the “child-oriented theory” which has been established since 1978 and is well manifested in the discourses of “liberating children” and “learning from children”. As a result, the modern reform in the view on children in China has been accomplished and what it intends is being “carried out”.