北魏常爽学馆性质考-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: The Status and Function of Changshuang School in Northern Wei Dynasty

Keywords:: Changshuang School; Emperor Taiwu’s promotion of education; state schools in Northern WeiDynasty

摘要:: 北魏常爽学馆历来多被视为私家学馆，其馆规模甚大，招收众多贵游子弟，且教学严厉。本文认为作为亡国之余的常爽，生计颇为艰难，在当时严令禁立私学的情势下，难以开办这样一家私人学馆。常爽学馆是在中书学已获得长足发展后，太武帝提振城东太学学业的产物，学馆所处位置也与太学相合，具有太学性质。西晋以降太学体制发生变动，南朝太学更是出现了诸馆并置的格局，馆主在教学和管理上有较大自主性，常爽学馆很有可能是北魏当时的太学亦已数馆并置的体现。对常爽学馆性质的辨析，不仅可见北魏前期国学的演变过程，而且可以帮助理解有魏一代文教与政治特殊紧密的关联。

Abstract:: This paper is intended to examine the relationship between Changshuang School and EmperorTaiwu’s policy to promote education in the Northern Wei Dynasty, arguing that the school was essentially animperial college rather than a private one. The clarification of Changshuang School’s status can help us not onlydevelop a whole picture of the evolution of state schools sponsored by the government in the early NorthernWei Dynasty, but also better understand the changing official school system since the Western Jin Dynasty andthe relationship between the politics, culture and education policy in the Northern Wei Dynasty.