3-5世纪鄯善王国水利法初探-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: A Preliminary Study on Water Conservancy Law of ShanshanKingdom from the Third to Fifth Century

摘要:: 据出土佉卢文书反映，鄯善王国的水利由国家统一掌控。由于水资源的相对紧缺，政府对水资源的管理十分严格。各地土地灌溉的时间与次数根据农时大体一致。国家以祭祀“贤善河神”的名义，对用水者征收水费。通常情况下，征收的水费金额相当于一头牛。国家设置“祭司”来管理水利祭祀事务。耕种土地的多少，在很大程度上取决于得到水量与种籽量的多少。与较晚的唐代《敦煌用水细则》及《水部式》规定相比，鄯善王国水利法有相似一面，但远不如唐代细致全面。

Abstract:: According to the unearthed documents, the water conservancy of Shanshan Kingdom was underthe unified control of the state. Because of the relative shortage of water resources, the management of waterresources by the government was very strict. When and how many times the irrigation was done was basicallydetermined by the agricultural needs. In the name of offering sacrifices to“ virtuous and good river gods” , thestate collected water fees from water users. Typically, the amount of the fees charged was equivalent to theprice of a cow. The state selected a special officia“l priest” to manage water conservancy sacrifices. Comparedwith Dunhuang Water Use Rules and the regulations issued by the Ministry of Water in the late Tang Dynasty,the water conservancy law of Shanshan Kingdom shows some similarities, but it is far less detailed andcomprehensive than that of the Tang Dynasty.