教育竞争和参照群体——课外补习流行现象的一个社会学解释-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Educational Competition and Reference Group: A SociologicalExplanation of the Popularity of Private Tutoring in China

Keywords:: private tutoring; educational competition; reference group; hot house effect

摘要:: 吴愈晓a**随着教育竞争的日趋激烈，课外补习成为一种日益普遍的现象。本文使用“中国教育追踪调查（CEPS）”2013 —2014 基线数据分析了当前中国初中学生参加课外补习的原因。数据分析的结果显示，中学生参与课外补习，不仅仅受到家庭经济社会地位和班级的平均阶层地位的影响，而且也受到“参照群体”的影响。其具体表现是首先为班级的平均课外补习花费或班级内参与课外补习的学生比例越高，个体学生的课外补习参与的可能性和花费也越高。其次家长与其他的家长和学生的同辈群体互动越多，学生的课外补习参与的可能性和花费也越高。本文的研究结果一方面为当前的课外补习热潮提供了反思和批判的经验证据，另一方面为理解东亚社会或其他地区的教育竞争和不平等问题提供了一种社会心理的分析。

Abstract:: In recent years, with the competition in education increasingly fierce, after-school private tutoringhas become a widespread phenomenon in China. Using the baseline data of China Education Panel Survey(CEPS), this paper explores the causes of attending private tutoring for Chinese junior high school students.We find that, participation in private tutoring is influenced not only by students’ family background but alsoby their“ reference group”. Firstly, the higher the average expenditure on private tutoring in his or her class,the higher the cost an individual student will pay for private tutoring services. Moreover, higher percentage ofattending private tutoring in the class predicts higher probability of attending for individual students. Secondly,the more the interactions between parents and between students are, the more likely they are to attend privatetutoring and the more money they pay for the tutoring services. This study, on the one hand, provides empiricaldata for critically understanding the current fervor in attending private tutoring, and on the other offers a socialpsychological analysis of educational competition and inequality in East Asian societies and other regions.