科研量化评估的历史建构及其对大学教师学术工作的影响-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Development of Quantitative Evaluation of Scientific Research andIts Influence on the Academic Work of University Teachers

作者:: 沈文钦毛丹蔺亚琼*; 北京大学教育学院副教授，100871 ；毛丹，上海师范大学教育学院，200000 ；蔺亚琼，华中科技大学教育科学研究院，430074

Keywords:: university teachers; quantitative evaluation; peer review; academic work

摘要:: 20 世纪90 年代中后期以来，随着重点大学建设工程的推进以及大学教师的专业化转型，量化评估成为评价大学教师的一种重要手段。基于历史的梳理，本文将表明量化评估如何被历史地建构成为一种合法化的评价手段。同时，基于对8 所学校36 位教师和行政管理者的访谈，我们分析了量化评估对大学教师学术生活的影响。文章指出，就积极意义而言，量化评估技术将贤能主义引入大学教师评估领域，推动了大学学术工作的专业化水平，并使得教师的职称评审等避免人情文化的影响，但这一评估技术也带来了一些意图之外的负面影响，如盲目追求数量而非质量、形式化的知识生产、教师科研的自主性受到侵害、应用导向而非发表导向的学科受到挤压，等等。

Abstract:: Since the 1990s, along with the development of different projects aiming to build key universities(e.g. 211 project and 985 project) and the professional transformation of university teachers, quantitativeevaluation with the aid of bibliometric techniques has become an important means to evaluate universityteachers’ research performance in China. Based on an analysis of the key policy texts of different periods,this paper will show how bibliometric evaluation has historically been constructed as a legitimate evaluationmethod. At the same time, based on interviews with more than 20 teachers and administrators from threeuniversities in China, we will analyze the impact of quantitative assessment on the academic life of universityteachers. In a positive sense, the quantitative assessment has introduced meritocracy into the field of evaluatingthe performance of university teachers, which has promoted the professionalism in academic work and madethe academic promotion avoid the influence of Guanxi culture. However, this assessment technique has alsobrought about some unexpected negative effects such as the blind pursuit of quantity rather than quality,ritualism in knowledge production, violation of the academic autonomy of the faculty, and discouragement ofapplication-oriented disciplines.