[1]程 杰*.西瓜传入我国的时间、来源和途径考[J].南京师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(04):079.
CHENG Jie.Introduction of Watermelon into China：Its Time，Origin and Route[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science Edition),2017,(04):079.
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西瓜传入我国的时间、来源和途径考
《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]
- 卷:
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- 期数:
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2017年04期
- 页码:
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079
- 栏目:
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文化史研究
- 出版日期:
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2017-08-30
文章信息/Info
- Title:
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Introduction of Watermelon into China：Its Time，Origin and Route
- 作者:
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程 杰*
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南京师范大学文学院，210097
- Author(s):
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CHENG Jie
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- 关键词:
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西瓜; 回纥; 辽太祖; 新疆; 中亚; 摩尼教
- Keywords:
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watermelon; Huihe; Emperor Taizu of the Liao; Xinjiang; Central Asia; Manicheism
- 摘要:
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我国早期鲜食之瓜是薄皮甜瓜，中古所说寒瓜是冬瓜，唐以前没有任何西瓜种植和食用的迹象，西瓜应是外来物种，因来自西域而得名。西瓜传入我国始于五代，史载天赞三年（924）辽太祖“破回纥得此种”。辽太祖西征不可能远达北疆浮图城，“破回纥”指其进入蒙古鄂尔浑河上游漠北回纥故都。我国新疆乃至整个西北地区干旱缺水，人居稀少，一直未见有盛产西瓜的记载。漠北回纥鼎盛时奉摩尼为国教，摩尼教崇尚瓜类食物，西瓜应由摩尼传教士从中亚直接带到这里。契丹人由此引入西瓜，在辽上京一带传种，后为南宋与金人引种南下江南、河南、淮南等地，渐成蔓延之势。湖北恩施南宋西瓜碑称雍熙四年（1240）“北游”带来回回瓜，有可能是宋人出使蒙古所为，也应得自回纥故都一带。
- Abstract:
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The melon eaten raw in ancient China was pellicle melon. The so-called hangua 寒瓜（literallycold melon）in the medieval times was actually the white gourd. There is no evidence of cultivation orconsumption of watermelon before the Tang Dynasty，so the watermelon must be a kind of exotic species.The introduction of watermelon into China began in the Five Dynasties. According to the historical records，in the third year of Tianzan（ 924 AD），Emperor Taizu （the first emperor） of the Liao Dynasty“ conqueredHuihe and got watermelon seeds” . His western expedition wasn’t likely to be going as far as the BuddhaCity of northern Xinjiang“. Conquered Huihe” means entering the former capital of Huihe in the upstream ofthe Orhon Gol in Mongolia. China’s Xinjiang and even the whole Northwest was arid，short of water resourceand sparsely populated. Hardly have any records of abundant watermelons been found. In its heydays，theUighur Nation （Huihe） of Mobei worshiped Manicheism，which advocated food like melons. Watermelonsmust have been directly brought here by Manichean missionaries from Central Asia and consequentlyintroduced into China by Khitan people，and spread in the Upper Capital of the Liao Dynasty. It was laterintroduced by the people of Southern Song and N俟zhen into the southern areas including the south of theYangtze River，Henan，and Huainan. It was then gradually spread to many other regions. The inscriptionon the stele of watermelon of the Southern Song Dynasty located in Enshi，Hubei Province，says that inthe fourth year of Emperor Yongxi（ 1240 AD），the“ northern expedition” has brought back some“ huihui（Muslim nation） melon”，which might refer to the Song people’s visiting to Mongolia. Perhaps this melonalso came from the capital of Huihe.
备注/Memo
- 备注/Memo:
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* 文学博士，南京师范大学文学院教授、博士生导师，210097。
更新日期/Last Update:
2017-08-30