出处两难中顾宪成的心理危机与忠君人格-《南京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Guilt and Compensation：A Psychological Analysis of Gu Xianchengin Dilemma

Keywords:: Gu Xiancheng; Donglin Faction; monarch-subject relationship; thoughts on monarchism

摘要:: 身处公意萌动而皇权专制高度膨胀的明朝后期，顾宪成以天地之善脉和“天下公器”的担当者自居，重新阐释君臣之义，质疑君主权威与神圣性，这对儒家君子人格固有的忠君价值造成了伤害。顾宪成意识到自己的思想行为在忠君本分上的不足，为此歉疚不安。他过度表达的忠君言行与君臣情深，是应对歉疚之情、缓解精神危机的忏悔与补偿。在君子担当与忠君品格的矛盾摩擦中，顾宪成以一种扭捏的姿态开启了质疑乃至批判君权之天然合法性的思想解放历程。

Abstract:: Imperial autocracy reached its peak in the late Ming Dynasty，while the awareness of the publicstarted to grow. In such a context，Gu Xiancheng，as a representative of the literati，officials and commonlandlords in cities and countryside，was inextricably in conflict with the private will of the monarch in interestsand values. Taking gathering talents as his responsibility，he reinterpreted the essence of monarch-courtierrelationship and queried the authority and sacredness of the monarch，thus damaging the intellectuals’ loyaltyto the monarch which was regarded as an intrinsic value of Confucianism. Realizing his lack of loyalty，hehad his thoughts and behaviors on his conscience，and thus expressed his loyalty to the monarch excessivelyand emotionally. However，this excessive expression was by no means out of his real state of mind，but outof compensation for his guilt and alleviation of his mental crisis. It was in such a contradiction between hisresponsibility as an intellectual and his loyalty to the monarch that Gu Xiancheng unnaturally set out his courseof ideological emancipation featuring querying and even doubting the natural legitimacy of monarchicalpower.