身心统一的功能哲学进路-《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: An Approach to Unity of Mind and Body from thePerspective of Functional Philosophy

Keywords:: problem of mind and body; reductionism; function; structure; explanation

摘要:: 身心问题的预设是心理学理论建构的基础，心理学各个流派所依据的身心预设可以分成四种主要类型。在当前的科学语境下，主流心理学理论是以还原论作为身心预设。心理实在论和消除主义本质上都是身心二元论，二元论使得当下的心理学面临无法克服的理论困境，唯有身心统一的基本预设才是应对这些问题的有效途径。根据“解释的阶梯”原理应该在功能——结构的范畴水平建立一个统一解释模型；在功能与结构之间，应该将功能作为逻辑上的先在，这也预示着功能哲学作为解决身心问题的未来进路。总体上，现象学是能够为我们提供指导的一种思路。

Abstract:: The hypotheses of mind and body are the foundations of psychology. The various schools of psychology in history can be classified into four types according to their hypotheses about mind and body. The present mainstream psychology is still based on reductionism. This article argues that mental realism and eliminativism actually belong to dualism. Because of dualism, present psychological theories are confronted with insurmountable theoretical difficulties, which can only be tackled from the perspective of the unity between mind and body. Under the guidance of the principle of “Hierarchy of Explanation”, a unified model of explanation should be constructed by incorporating both structure and function. The function, however, should be given a logical priority over structure. This suggests that functional philosophy can be a possible approach to the problem of mind and body. In this regard, phenomenology can offer us some useful clues.