“游”的下行与“文”的上升 ——论东汉士人流动的下行趋势及其文章史意义-《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Fall of Nobility and Rise of Literature: The Downward Mobility of Scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Significance of Writing History

Keywords:: scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty; mobility; downward trend; history of written texts; rise

摘要:: 东汉士人的流动相对战国、西汉时期的士人流动呈现出“下行”趋势,具体表现为游学群体的“平民化”、游学地点的“民间化”和游学目的的“俗世化”。士人流动、士人流动的“下行”促成了文章写作群体的生成与文章体裁的新变,并带来了东汉文章写作的繁荣。伴随着大量士人的流动与写作群体的生成,非实用类文章也日渐增多,表现为文章抒情功能的提升。后世所言的真正的“文学”这一意识形态,日益脱离史学、经学而走向自觉与独立,最终促成了“文”的上升。

Abstract:: The mobility of scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty shows a downward trend compared with that of scholars in the Warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty. Its characteristics are as follows: lots of scholars chose to study away from home regardless of their origins; places for study were extended to rural or remote areas; more scholars regarded acquiring knowledge as their objective instead of taking an official career. The downward mobility of scholars led to the emergence of writing groups and new changes of literary genres, hence a boom in writing articles in the Eastern Han Dynasty. With the mobility of myriad scholars and the formation of writing groups, there were an increasing number of non-practical articles characterized by the strengthening of lyrical function. Thus, literature gradually separated from historiography and the study of Confucian classics, and became independent in a real sense.