解析职场中的犬儒主义:基于心理学的视角-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

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Keywords:: cynicism; organizational change cynicism; psychological contract theory

摘要:: 犬儒主义是一种对他人真诚和善良动机及行为的不信任倾向,其表现形式有嘲笑和挖苦等。对于犬儒主义的实质有两种看法,一种观点认为犬儒主义是一种人格特质,另一种观点认为犬儒主义是一种态度状态。犬儒主义的研究热点集中在个性犬儒主义、组织变革犬儒主义、职业犬儒主义、雇员犬儒主义、社会犬儒主义、政治犬儒主义以及消费者犬儒主义等方面。本文以情绪事件理论、组织公平理论、情绪感染理论、心理契约理论为指导,剖析了犬儒主义产生的深层机制。目前犬儒主义的研究在我国刚刚起步,未来应更加关注中国文化背景下犬儒主义理论构建及应对策略,注重研究方法多样性,重视犬儒主义的正反两方面的影响并开展跨文化的比较研究。

Abstract:: Cynicism is defined as a mistrust tendency toward others’ sincere and kind motivation and behavior. Its manifestations are ridicule, sarcasm and so on. There are two views about cynicism: personality traits and attitudinal state. Previous researches on cynicism focused on such categories as: personality cynicism, societal cynicism, occupational cynicism, employee cynicism, organizational change cynicism, political cynicism, and consumer cynicism. Based on Emotional Events theory, Organizational Fair Theory, Emotional Contagion Theory, and Psychological Contract Theory, this paper analyzes the cause and effect of cynicism. Given that the research on cynicism in China is still in its infancy, future studies should pay more attention to the characteristics of the cynicism in the context of Chinese culture and to cross-cultural comparison through different methods. The positive and negative effects of cynicism should also be considered in the future.