现代权力关系的交换属性及其超越方案-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

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摘要:: 等级身份制是农业社会权力关系得以生成的根源,但在进入工业社会后,由于启蒙思想的设定而使权力关系的社会基础消失了。然而在社会的组织化过程中,权力关系又在组织中并通过组织而被建构起来。现代组织中的权力关系不同于农业社会中的权力关系,它不是一种纯粹的支配关系,而是获得了交换关系的属性。克罗齐耶和费埃德伯格发现了权力关系中的交换属性,这使权力制约方案的建构出现了新的契机。可是,这项科学发现仅仅是在既有组织形式和性质不变的条件下才有意义。事实上,在人类后工业化的进程中,一种新的组织——合作制组织正在生成,而对于合作制组织而言,需要解决的关键问题是使权力与权力意志分离的问题。如果能够找到权力与权力意志相分离的路径,那么权力的功能也将会呈现出全新的特征,而权力制约的问题也就会更加容易解决了。

Abstract:: In an agricultural society, power relation was based on its caste-based social identity system. But in an industrial society, this social foundation for power relations disappeared due to various social enlightenments. In the organization of society, a new type of power relations has been established in and through social organizations. The power relation in a modern organization differs from those in an agricultural society in that it has acquired a property of exchange rather than complete dominance. Crozier and Friedberg are the first to have discovered this exchange element in power relation. Their discovery provides a new approach to the regulation of power relations. However, their scientific findings are significant only under the condition that the form and nature of the existing organizations are stable. As a matter of fact, when human society is beginning to enter the post-industrial era, a new type of organization, i.e. cooperative organization, is emerging. To a cooperative organization, the key issue is how to separate power from the will to power. If a path to the separation between power and the will to power is available, new dimensions of the function of power can be recognized and it will be easier to solve the problem of how to put power under effective control.