论被害人同意在犯罪论体系中的定位-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Keywords:: victim’s agreement; victim’s approval; monistic theory and dualistic theory; systematic position

摘要:: 被害人同意包括被害人合意和被害人承诺两种形态。在三阶层犯罪论体系上,围绕被害人承诺的体系性定位,存在排除构成要件符合性还是排除违法性之争。被害人承诺属于利益阙如而非利益冲突的情形。如果客观归属属于构成要件阶层,意味着构成要件阶层可以做价值判断以出罪,被害人承诺也应是排除构成要件符合性的内容。依照被害人承诺排除构成要件、结束犯罪审查后,并不妨碍法官根据其他法律宣告行为合法。一元论和二元论在实践效果上都是出罪,只是二元论肯定了构成要件符合性,出罪在后。在四要件犯罪构成论中,被害人承诺是阻却犯罪构成的事由。

Abstract:: There are two types of victim’s consent in continental criminal law. One is victim’s agreement; the other is victim’s approval. Concerning the systematic position of victim’s approval in the three-level criminal system, legal scholars are divided on whether the victim’s approval is a reason for precluding of Tatbestand or for precluding of unlawfulness. The protected interests do not exist in the case of victim’s approval. When the objective attribution is a question of Tatbestand, that is to say, the value judgment for exculpation is allowed at this level, the victim’s approval ought to be the content of the level of Tatbestand as well. After the examination of criminal system with a precluding of Tatbestand, the judge could still declare the lawfulness of the action outside the criminal system. Both of the monistic and dualistic theories preclude the constitution of crime in practice. Only the dualistic theory holds that when the Tatbestand is fulfilled, the crime is consequently precluded. In the four-element theory of crime, the victim’s approval is a reason that can preclude the constitution of crime.