依自不依他 ——汤增璧早期革命思想初识-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Reliance on Self rather than Others: Remarks on Tang Zengbi’s Revolutionary Thoughts in His Early Age

Keywords:: Tang Zengbi; 1911 Revolution; Reliance on Self rather than Others; Anti-Manchuism; consciousness of chivalry

摘要:: 汤增璧是辛亥革命时期起过重大影响的思想家和活动家。他早年留学日本,追随孙中山、黄兴加入盟会,积极参加反对清王朝专制统治的斗争。曾任《民报》副主编,并创办《江西》杂志,撰述文词,鼓吹革命。汤增璧早年所鼓吹的“排满”、“崇侠”以及“国民性批判与道德拯救”等思想,均在章太炎“依自不依他”的学说引导下发起和发展,最终形成完备的理论体系,在上个世纪初的反封建革命运动中加以实践,从而成为指导辛亥革命的思想武器。特别是汤氏的人世悲观说,不仅体现出汤氏思想的个人特色,同时也为章氏“依自不依他”理论的完善,做出了贡献。

Abstract:: Tang Zengbi was a very influential thinker and activist during the 1911 Revolution. In his earlier years, he went to Japan to further his studies, joined Chinese Revolutionary Alliance led by Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, and took an active part in the struggle against the Qing government as well. As an advocate of revolution, he once held the post of the chief editor of Min Bao and founded the magazine of Jiang Xi. Under the influence of Zhang Taiyan’s theory of “reliance on self rather than others”, Tang formulated his revolutionary ideas characterized by anti-Manchuism, consciousness of chivalry, national character criticism and moral salvage, which were later developed into a more systematic theory. Once put into practice, his theory soon became a forceful weapon guiding the 1911 Revolution. The most striking feature of Tang’s theory is his pessimistic outlook on human life, which did not only speak of his own characteristic thoughts, but contributed a lot to the development of Zhang Taiyan’s theory of “reliance on self rather than others”.