从科学革命中的哲学思维看哲学与科学的关系 ——纪念库恩《科学革命的结构》发表50周年-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Relationship between Philosophy and Science Viewed from the Perspective of Scientific Revolution: To Commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Publication of Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

Keywords:: scientific revolution; philosophical thinking; normal science; crises in normal science; paradigm shift

摘要:: 科学革命是新理论取代旧理论的范式转换,其中最为关键和核心的部分是确立不同于旧理论的新的基本概念和基本假说以及在此基础上形成的科学理论被科学共同体所接受。新的基本概念和基本假说的建立,是为数不多的进行哲学思维的科学家完成的; 不在科学危机时期、不在哲学思维层面上工作,科学家不可能完成科学革命。这并不是说科学家的工作要接受哲学家思想的指导,而是说科学家要完成科学革命,必须做哲学家的并且是哲学家做不了的创造性工作。哲学和科学之间的关系是“为什么的问题”与“怎么样的问题”之间的关系; 一门具体科学不论是在创立时期还是其革命时期,与哲学之间都是这样的关系。

Abstract:: The scientific revolution is a paradigm shift from the old theory to a new one, which is characterized by new fundamental concepts and hypotheses as well as the scientific theories accepted by the scientific community. The new concepts and hypotheses are the product of a few scientists with advanced philosophical thinking, especially completed at the period of crisis in science and at the level of philosophical thinking. It is not to say that scientists can only be guided by philosophy, but they must do what philosophers can and even cannot do in scientific innovation. The relationship between philosophy and science is that between why questions and how questions. This type of relationship still holds when it comes to the relationship between philosophy and a specific science whenever it is at the stage of establishment or in the process of revolution.