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Title:: Discussions on the Educational Knowledge Transformation in Primary and Secondary Schools Influenced by May Fourth Movement

Keywords:: May Fourth Movement; primary and secondary schools; educational knowledge transformation; argument

Abstract:: The May Fourth Movement triggered the second-round educational knowledge transformation in primary and secondary schools. This kind of transformation is not only the shift in the view on educational knowledge from knowledge-centeredness to children-centeredness, but also the change in the language used in the textbooks from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese. At the same time, the third change is that the knowledge taught in schools changed from practical to humanistic areas. Any of the transitions caused criticisms from different groups. The criticisms and counter-criticisms based on their respective positions reflect the conflicts between the classic and the popular orientations; between the practical and the humanistic orientations; and between the cultural orientation and the orientation for personal interest development in the process of educational knowledge transformation.