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Title:: Marx’ “Negative” View on Happiness and His Practical Wisdom: From the Perspective of Adam Schaff’s Methodology of Happiness

Abstract:: When discussing happiness, Marx started from unhappiness, the opposite of happiness, to investigate the social roots of universal unhappiness. As for him, eliminating unhappiness is a social prerequisite for the vast majority’s happiness. Marx’ view on happiness, featured by realism, aims at a happiness which is accessible to people in reality. Such a view, rid of the idealization and abstractness of happiness, not only identifies the subjects in our pursuit of happiness, but also encourages us to eliminate universal unhappiness to the best of our ability. Hence, it should be the origin from which we draw wisdom. In our daily practice, when pursuing a happy and dignified life, we should take the mission of eliminating universal unhappiness and unfairness, and strive for the happiness of human beings.