Abstract

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Keywords:: international order; stratified; divergence; human order; long durée

Abstract:: Such factors as the accelerated evolution of the international order, the geopolitical conflicts, industrial transformation, governance imbalances, and climate change have all contributed to the “mutation” of the international order. The “stratified” structure of the international order and its unbalanced development have weakened the momentum of “great convergence”, and a tendency of “divergence” has emerged. Globalization since the 1970s has shaped a “single” global system, yet “single” does not mean “homogeneous”. Difference creates diversity, and the interaction of multiple subjects establishes boundaries and shapes identities, constituting the core dynamics and logic of the evolution of international order. The change of international order has increasingly gone beyond the scope of the state and taken on a greater spatial and temporal meaning. Only by expanding the spatial and temporal framework of international order and exploring the logic of the evolution of human social order can we transcend the Western-centered perspective and state-centrism in the study of international order, and analyze the dramatically changing international order by using the diversified human historical experience as a mirror.