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Abstract:: There is a tendency for Chinese traditional culture and the contemporary psychology to reach anagreement on the understanding of conscience. Previous studies on Wang Yangming’s theory of zhiliangzhi致良知(gaining good knowledge) mainly focused on such aspects as its theoretical content and the cultivationof moral integrity. The contemporary neuropsychology, however, views zhiliangzhi as a psychological processand studies the importance of the internal mechanism between zhiliangzhi and happiness from an interactiveperspective. In this paper, we try to examine the inner connection between zhiliangzhi and happiness byreviewing the research findings in contemporary psychology and accordingly discuss how zhiliangzhi canimprove the sense of happiness. This discussion will make it possible for Yangming School’s theory of mind toshed new light on psychological studies in the new era.