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Abstract:: To achieve a comprehensive development of human beings is the value pursuit of Marxist theory as a whole, but the alienated labor theory is the core link in the transformation of Marx’s thoughts. This theory reveals various forms of and causes for the unbalanced development of human beings and their devaluation under capitalist conditions. Thus, the theory of alienated labor is homological in nature, which covers the issues like human value, human needs, human liberation, and the relationship between man and nature. The research on these issues constitutes the basic framework of Marx’s homonological theory. It is from the perspective of pursuing a balanced development of human beings that Marx revealed the humanistic theme of sublating the alienation, which means rising above man’s instrumental rationality and moving from an unbalanced development to a balanced one. In contemporary China, this is where the meaning of understanding and learning from this theory lies. We have to promote our initiative in sticking to Marx’s theory of labor, respect the labor and laborers, and create favorable living and working conditions for them, thus laying a solid homological foundation for our confidence in the road, system and theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics.