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《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）[ISSN:1006-6977/CN:61-1281/TN]

卷:

期数:

2022年02期

页码:

053-64

栏目:

出版日期:

2022-04-01

文章信息/Info

Title:

The Taiji Model of Self: Proposition Background and Core Points

作者:

汪凤炎

Author(s):

WANG Fengyan

关键词:

自我的太极模型;  儒家自我的太极模型;  道家自我的太极模型;  佛家自我的太极模型;  基于独立自我和互依自我的自我太极模型

Keywords:

Taiji model of self;  Taiji model of Confucian self;  Taiji model of Taoist self;  Taiji Model of Buddhist self;  Taiji Model of self based on the independent self and interdependent self

摘要:

目前中国心理学界主要有五种有一定影响的中式自我理论或模型,用评判中式自我理论或模型是否具有良好文化生态效度的三个标准进行衡量,它们虽各有优势,但均无法全面、深入、圆润地描述和解释中式自我的类型和呈现方式。受太极图的启发,假若说从精神分析眼光看,西式人格结构图是三明治式立体结构,从文化心理学角度看,西式自我主要是特质型、单子论式的独立自我,那么,深受阴阳思维影响的中式人格结构图是像一张大饼样的太极图式,中式自我具有多元文化汇聚性和情境性特点:将太极图外面代表“太极”的最大圆指自我,将太极图里面的阴与阳用来表征一对对具体的自我概念,自我太极模型就可形象地表征中国人受儒、道、佛和西方文化而形成的四种具体自我类型,从而能让人们直观、形象地看清四种子类型中式自我的样式,并能贴切地用来描述和解释分别受儒、道、佛与西方文化影响下的中国人的自我类型和自我修炼历程及其特点。

Abstract:

Currently there are five influential models regarding the self in the Chinese culture: Hong’s bicultural self theory; Lu Luo’s Composite self; Yang Kuo-Shu’s Four-Part Theory of the Chinese self; Yang’s model of self; and Hwang Kwang-Kwo’s Mandala Model of self. Insightful as they are, these five models need further development based on the three criteria for judging the cultural ecological validity of the models. Accordingly, based on my studies, here I propose a new self-model, which is inspired by both the Taiji diagram in the Chinese culture, and the self-models in literature. Specifically, from the perspective of psychoanalysis, the diagram for western personality structure is a three-dimensional structure like a sandwich, and the Western self is mainly a monastic independent self from the perspective of cultural psychology. Inspired by these theories, I propose that the diagram for Chinese personality structure is neither an interdependent self that takes inspiration from monadism, nor a three-dimensional structure like a sandwich; instead, deeply influenced by the Yin-Yang dualism, the diagram for Chinese self-structure is a Taiji diagram like a pie. The largest circle outside(Taiji)refers to self, and the Yin and Yang inside refers to the specific pairs of self-concepts that are formed by integrating the Chinese traditional culture(e. g., Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism)and Western culture. This Taiji model reflects that the majority of Chinese self is polycultural in contemporary China, vividly represents the four main types of Chinese self as the result of a fusion of cultures, and provides a solid theoretical framework for subsequent empirical research on Chinese’s self-cultivation process and self-expression methods.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

汪凤炎,心理学博士,南京师范大学道德教育研究所研究员,南京师范大学心理学院教授、博士生导师(南京210097)。本文是江苏省第五期“333高层次人才培养工程”科研资助项目“文化对个体智慧表现的影响及机制”和国家自然科学基金(31971014)资助项目的研究成果之一。

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