反向行为保全的解构与重构——从电商平台恶意投诉问题化切入-《南京师大学报》（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: Deconstructing and Reconstructing Reverse Behavior Preservation: A Focus on Addressing Malicious Complaints on E-commerce Platforms

Keywords:: malicious complaint; reverse behavior preservation; temporary sanction for certain temporary status; passive determination of benefits

摘要:: 《电子商务法》第41—45条对“删除—通知”规则的扩张适用与异化导致投诉人与被投诉人的利益严重失衡,电商平台恶意投诉问题突出。“反向行为保全”为被投诉人提供了临时性司法救济,在实践中迅速发展。但“反向行为保全”概念本身即展现出对行为保全制度和投诉双方地位的误解,未能有效纠正投诉双方利益失衡的困境。澄清反向行为保全的本质与概念,解构恶意投诉纠纷中的保全请求和诉讼请求,重新认识被投诉人的消极确认利益,可以为恶意投诉中行为保全制度的构建提供可靠的理论指导。以此为基础,明确保全要件为“紧急+损害难以弥补”,不包含担保。对保全要件的审查需要遵循平衡权益理论和比例原则,并保障双方当事人的陈述权。

Abstract:: The expansion and distortion of the “Notice-and-Takedown” mechanism under Articles 41-45 of the E-commerce Law has led to a significant imbalance between the rights of complainants and respondents, with the issue of malicious complaints becoming particularly problematic. “Reverse behavior preservation” has emerged as a form of interim judicial relief for respondents and has gained traction in practice. However, the concept of “reverse behavior preservation” reflects a misunderstanding of the behavior preservation system and the roles of parties in complaint disputes. As a result, it fails to effectively address the imbalance of interests. By clarifying the nature and purpose of reverse behavior preservation, deconstructing the preservation requests and claims in malicious complaint cases, and re-evaluating the respondent's right to passive confirmation of benefits, a more reliable theoretical foundation can be established for behavior preservation in such disputes. Based on this, the essential elements of preservation— “urgency + irreparable harm”—are affirmed, with no requirement for guarantees. The review of these elements should be guided by the theory of balanced rights and interests and the principle of proportionality, ensuring both parties have the right to be heard.